
Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: Las complicaciones postanestésicas asociadas a la anestesia regional neuroaxial en pacientes obstétricas (como cefalea postpunción de duramadre, hematoma epidural y síndrome neurológico transitorio) son de vital importancia debido a la vulnerabilidad de este grupo. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de complicaciones postanestésicas en pacientes obstétricas sometidas a anestesia regional neuroaxial en el HGZ 20 IMSS Puebla. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y transversal en el periodo del 1 de enero al 30 de junio de 2024. Se incluyeron 148 expedientes de pacientes obstétricas sometidas a anestesia neuroaxial. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva con el programa SPSS v25. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una prevalencia general de complicaciones postanestésicas del 4.73% (n=7). La cefalea postpunción de duramadre (CPPD) fue la complicación más frecuente con un 3.37% (n=5), seguida por las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios (NVPO) con un 1.35% (n=2). CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de complicaciones postanestésicas resultó ligeramente superior a la reportada en otras instituciones, siendo la CPPD la más prevalente. No se reportaron complicaciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares ni neurovegetativas graves. Abstract INTRODUCTION: Post-anesthetic complications associated with regional neuraxial anesthesia in obstetric patients (such as post-dural puncture headache, epidural hematoma, and transient neurological syndrome) are of vital importance due to the vulnerability of this group. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of post-anesthetic complications in obstetric patients undergoing regional neuraxial anesthesia at HGZ 20 IMSS Puebla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2024. It included 148 medical records of obstetric patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS v25 software. RESULTS: A general prevalence of post-anesthetic complications of 4.73% (n=7) was found. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) was the most frequent complication at 3.37% (n=5), followed by postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) at 1.35% (n=2). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of post-anesthetic complications was slightly higher than reported in other institutions, with PDPH being the most prevalent. No severe respiratory, cardiovascular, or neurovegetative complications were reported.
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