Abstract: The inconsistent empirical evidence on whether sustainability disclosure enhancesfinancial performance, particularly in environmentally sensitive sectors of emerging economies,remains unresolved. This study examined the effect of environmental, economic, governance,and social sustainability disclosures on the financial performance of quoted oil and gascompanies in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and employed paneldata analysis covering the selected firms over the study period. Data were sourced frompublished annual reports and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, andpanel regression techniques. The Hausman specification test guided the choice of the randomeffects model, while diagnostic tests including Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and Breusch–Pagan test were conducted to ensure model robustness. The findings revealed thatenvironmental sustainability disclosure, economic sustainability disclosure, governancesustainability disclosure, and social sustainability disclosure did not exert statisticallysignificant effects on Return on Assets (ROA). The results suggest that sustainability disclosurepractices in the Nigerian oil and gas sector do not significantly influence short-term accountingbased financial performance. The study concludes that sustainability disclosure in the sectorappears to be driven more by legitimacy and compliance considerations than by immediateprofitability motives. It recommends stronger regulatory frameworks, improved quality anddepth of sustainability reporting, and strategic integration of sustainability initiatives intocorporate decision-making processes to enhance long-term value creation.