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TOAD: Tipping and Other Abrupt events Detector

integration_instructionsResearch softwarekeyboard_double_arrow_right Software 27 Jan 2026Publisher:Zenodo
Authors: Harteg, Jakob; Roehrich, Lukas; De Maeyer, Kobe; Garbe, Julius; Sakschewski, Boris; Klose, Ann Kristin; Donges, Jonathan; +2 Authors
Code repository: https://github.com/tipmip-methods/toad/tree/v1.0.4

doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18390644 , 10.5281/zenodo.18623266 , 10.5281/zenodo.18954571 , 10.5281/zenodo.18390550 , 10.5281/zenodo.18390298 , 10.5281/zenodo.18390125 , 10.5281/zenodo.19237974

TOAD: Tipping and Other Abrupt events Detector

Abstract

TOAD is a Python package designed for detecting and clustering abrupt shifts in gridded Earth-system datasets, such as model outputs. The input data should be structured as a 3D array in the format space × space × time, where time can represent actual time or some other forcing variable or bifurcation parameter. TOAD provides a streamlined pipeline for identifying and analyzing spatio-temporal regions that exhibit similar dynamical responses to external forcing.

If you use this software, please cite it as below.

Keywords

climate science, tipping points, abrupt shifts, spatio-temporal analysis, earth system models, clustering

  • BIP!
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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    		 Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average