This dataset provides documentation and data related to the preparation of PDMS-based tissue phantoms for OCT calibration, algorithm development, and testing. It includes design files, preparation protocols, material lists, and an illustrative image dataset. The dataset includes OCT images in TIFF format, JPEG and metadata in XML to support straightforward reuse. The raw OCT files obtained from the ThorImage imaging software are also included. Imaging was performed on multiple phantoms prepared using different recipes, as detailed in the accompanying documentation.