Abstract In the context of the ongoing armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and dynamic changes in the security environment, the State Border Service of Ukraine is transforming from a classic law enforcement agency into a component of the Defense Forces with a powerful intelligence and counterintelligence potential. Operational and investigative activities are becoming a key tool not only for combating cross-border crime, but also for identifying and neutralizing sabotage and intelligence groups, preventing terrorist acts, and ensuring national security at the state border. The article examines the strategic priorities for the development of operational and investigative activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine in the context of modern security challenges.