The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of social infrastructure transformation processesunder the influence of global challenges. The structural and substantive characteristics of the sectoral classificationof the social sphere are revealed. A conceptual transition from viewing social infrastructure as a sector of budgetaryexpenditures to its positioning as a strategic factor for investment in human capital is substantiated. Based on thesynthesis of international experience and current economic theories, the necessity of adapting the infrastructuralframework through the development of public-private partnership institutions to ensure macroeconomic stability and labormarket adaptability in modern conditions is argued