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Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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L'empatia algoritmica nel processo giuridico. Limiti ontologici della Mimesis tecnologica e riscoperta dell'Ars Boni et Aequi

Authors: Bencivenga, Gerardo Marco;

L'empatia algoritmica nel processo giuridico. Limiti ontologici della Mimesis tecnologica e riscoperta dell'Ars Boni et Aequi

Abstract

L’ingresso dell’intelligenza artificiale nei sistemi giuridici solleva interrogativi radicali circa la natura del giudizio giuridico e i limiti epistemologici dell’automazione decisionale. Il contributo analizza criticamente l’idea della neutralità algoritmica, ricostruendo la genealogia teorica dell’intelligenza artificiale a partire dalla distinzione tra il paradigma simulativo di Alan Turing e l’approccio cibernetico di Norbert Wiener. Attraverso il confronto con alcune rilevanti prospettive della filosofia della tecnica e del diritto – in particolare Hans Jonas, Bernard Stiegler e Luciano Floridi – l’articolo evidenzia il divario ontologico tra l’agire computazionale dell’algoritmo e la dimensione intenzionale e cosciente del giudizio umano. In tale prospettiva, la riduzione del processo decisionale giuridico a modelli di inferenza statistica rischia di trasformare la giustizia in un sistema di previsione probabilistica, incapace di cogliere la singolarità del caso concreto e la dimensione assiologica dell’interpretazione giuridica. La riflessione si confronta inoltre con il quadro normativo emergente nell’Unione europea, con particolare riferimento al Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 sull’intelligenza artificiale (AI Act), che riconosce la necessità di mantenere forme di controllo umano nei sistemi di IA ad alto rischio. Muovendo da tali premesse, l’articolo propone il paradigma dell’Empatia Algoritmica, intesa non come antropomorfizzazione della macchina, ma come modalità epistemica e operativa attraverso la quale il giurista utilizza l’intelligenza artificiale quale artefatto cognitivo di esplorazione ermeneutica. In questa prospettiva, l’algoritmo diviene uno strumento di ampliamento cognitivo – utile per l’analisi dei precedenti e la simulazione di scenari decisionali – mentre la responsabilità della sintesi teleologica e assiologica rimane necessariamente affidata al giudizio umano. Il contributo conclude riaffermando la centralità del paradigma human-in-the-loop justice, quale condizione indispensabile per preservare il diritto come ars boni et aequi nell’era digitale.

The growing integration of artificial intelligence into legal systems raises fundamental questions regarding the nature of legal judgment and the epistemological limits of automated decision-making. This article critically examines the assumption of algorithmic neutrality by reconstructing the theoretical genealogy of artificial intelligence, starting from the distinction between Alan Turing’s simulation paradigm and Norbert Wiener’s cybernetic approach. Drawing on key perspectives in the philosophy of technology and law – particularly those of Hans Jonas, Bernard Stiegler, and Luciano Floridi – the paper highlights the ontological gap between the computational operation of algorithms and the intentional and reflective dimension of human judgment. From this standpoint, the reduction of legal decision-making to statistical inference models risks transforming justice into a predictive system incapable of addressing the singularity of concrete cases and the axiological dimension of legal interpretation. The analysis also engages with the emerging European regulatory framework, especially Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), which acknowledges the necessity of maintaining meaningful human oversight in high-risk AI systems. Building on these premises, the article introduces the concept of Algorithmic Empathy, understood not as an anthropomorphic attribution of human qualities to machines but as an epistemic and operational framework through which jurists employ artificial intelligence as a cognitive artifact for hermeneutic exploration. Within this framework, algorithms function as tools for cognitive augmentation – supporting precedent analysis and the exploration of decision-making scenarios – while the responsibility for teleological and axiological synthesis necessarily remains with the human decision-maker. The article concludes by reaffirming the importance of the human-in-the-loop justice paradigm as a necessary condition for preserving law as an ars boni et aequi in the digital age.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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