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Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Theoretical Proposal for Optical Characterization of Dense Biological Media: Kubelka-Munk Collective Cytometry Module

Authors: Vivas Zamora, Daniel Isaias; Sanchez Diaz, Jose Alfredo; Brito Guerrero, Yndira Patricia;

Theoretical Proposal for Optical Characterization of Dense Biological Media: Kubelka-Munk Collective Cytometry Module

Abstract

La citometría de flujo convencional requiere dilución de muestras, lo que limita su aplicación en entornos point-of-care integrados. Este trabajo presenta el marco teórico para un módulo de Citometría Colectiva Kubelka-Munk (CKM), diseñado como un subsistema de caracterización óptica para medios biológicos densos sin separación celular. El instrumento propuesto implementa una arquitectura de detección dual (transmitancia 0◦ y reflectancia difusa 90◦) con emisores multiespectrales (405 nm, 530 nm y 650 nm) para extraer simultáneamente información química (coeficiente de absorción K) y física (coeficiente de dispersión S). La señal óptica teórica se procesa mediante una red neuronal convolucional 1D desplegable en microcontroladores ESP32-S3, permitiendo la clasificación en tiempo real de estados patológicos como lisis celular, infección parasitaria y agregación tumoral. Se detalla el modelo matemático de interacción luz-materia en medios turbios, la arquitectura hardware propuesta y el protocolo de validación futuro. Este enfoque establece un paradigma para un módulo de diagnóstico hematológico de bajo costo, integrable en sistemas de screening masivo y medicina tropical.

Conventional flow cytometry requires sample dilution and single-cell analysis, limiting its application in point-of-care environments. This paper presents the theoretical framework for a Kubelka-Munk Collective Cytometry (CKM) module, designed as an optical characterization subsystem for dense biological media without cell separation. The proposed instrument implements a dual detection architecture (transmittance 0◦ and diffuse reflectance 90◦) with multi-spectral emitters (405 nm, 530 nm and 650 nm) to simultaneously extract chemical information (absorption coefficient K) and physical information (scattering coefficient S). The theoretical optical signal is processed via a 1D convolutional neural network deployable on ESP32-S3 microcontrollers, enabling real-time classification of pathological states such as cell lysis, parasitic infection, and tumor aggregation. The mathematical model of light-matter interaction in turbid media, the proposed hardware architecture, and the future validation protocol are detailed. This approach establishes a paradigm for a low-cost hematological diagnostic module, integrable into massive screening systems and tropical medicine.

Keywords

TinyML, ESP32-S3, Collective cytometry, Point-of-care module, Mie scattering, Dense biological media, Diffuse reflectance, Adaptive spectroscopy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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