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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Divine Names as Morphological State Indicators in the Torah: Evidence Against Multiple Authorship from Morphological Mode Analysis Authors

Authors: Tobul, Eran Eliyahu;

Divine Names as Morphological State Indicators in the Torah: Evidence Against Multiple Authorship from Morphological Mode Analysis Authors

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive morphological analysis of divine name usage in the Torah (Pentateuch), demonstrating through 131 statistically significant findings across 44 sections that the divine names יהוה (YHWH) and אלהים (Elohim) function as morphological state indicators within a single, self-describing compositional system — not as signatures of independent documentary sources.Key findings include:10/10 statistical Z-score tests survive Bonferroni correction (Z = 3.35–50.9)Composite stylometric score: 6/7 = 86% of measures identical between divine name modes26/27 function words (gold standard of authorship attribution) have identical frequenciesName-prediction classifier achieves only 0.1% above baseline — names are independent mode switches, not authorial style markersShannon entropy identical in both modes (Δ = 0.014 bits)Foundation% slope across Torah = 0.0005 (stable base text despite dramatic name distribution shift)99.5% of all Torah verses (5,817/5,846) contain all 4 letter groupsDocumentary Hypothesis fails 8/9 counterfactual predictionsCross-validation confirms all patterns hold in both independent halves of the TorahThe divine name system encodes a complete theological word map, with Love + Torah = Israel (the complete 4-group system)Companion paper to: "Structurally Constrained Morphological Patterns in the Torah" (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18744642)

Keywords

authorship attribution, computational linguistics, YHWH, stylometry, Yule's K, Elohim, Biblical Hebrew, Torah, Pentateuch, function words, morphological analysis, Documentary Hypothesis, Hebrew Bible, divine names

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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