The dataset supports the manuscript titled “Microstructural Origins of Energy Storage During Plastic Deformation of 310S TWIP steel”, posted on arXiv. It contains electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the investigated material provided in .ang format. Individual datasets are named according to the corresponding figure numbers in the manuscript. These data are provided to facilitate reproducibility of the reported results and to enable further quantitative analysis of the evolution of local crystallographic orientation and microtexture during deformation.