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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Runtime Governance vs. Development Governance

Authors: Tsai, Spark;

Runtime Governance vs. Development Governance

Abstract

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in organizational decision-making, contemporary AI governance practices have gravitated toward deployment-stage controls and runtime interception mechanisms. While these practices are operationally necessary, they are frequently misconstrued as sufficient indicators of effective governance. This paper introduces a structural distinction between Development Governance and Runtime Governance, and further refines this distinction through the concepts of Governance Existence and Governance Invocation. We argue that runtime interception—absent pre-established decision constraints—cannot constitute governance over AI decision behavior. We do not reject deployment or runtime governance. Rather, we clarify their governance scope and architectural limitations. Deployment and runtime mechanisms govern operational conditions and execution environments, but they do not govern the decision formation process of AI agents. We define Decision Behavior Governance (DBG) as a governance paradigm that targets the structure by which AI agents form decisions prior to execution. By reframing governance as an ex-ante institutional condition rather than an ex-post reactive event, this paper explains why many existing governance approaches remain administratively valid yet behaviorally ineffective—particularly in probabilistic, black-box model environments.

Keywords

AI Governance, Decision Behavior Governance, Governance Existence, Governance Invocation, Development Governance, Decision Formation, Runtime Governance, ISO/IEC 42001

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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