Abstract The emergence of the Subaltern Studies movement in the late twentieth century marked a significant shift in historiography, particularly in the study of colonial and postcolonial societies. Rejecting elite centered historical narratives, the movement aimed to recover the voices and experiences of marginalized groups such as peasants, workers, women, tribals, and dalits. This paper examines the origins of the Subaltern Studies movement, its intellectual foundations, and the new perspectives it introduced in historiography. It also focuses on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s essay “Can the Subaltern Speak?” which critically questions the possibility of representing subaltern voices within dominant discourses. The paper argues that while Subaltern Studies transformed historical writing by emphasizing from below, Spivak’s intervention exposed its theoretical and ethical limitations, particularly regarding gender and representation. Together, they have reshaped historiographical practices and postcolonial thought.