This dataset is a province–year panel covering 31 provincial-level administrative units in mainland China from 2012 to 2023. It was compiled from publicly accessible official statistical sources, including national and provincial health/statistical yearbooks and statistical bulletins. The dataset is designed to support empirical research on the level, spatial inequality, and dynamic evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) health resources. The dataset includes (1) original indicators describing TCM-related resource inputs and service capacity (e.g., measures related to health expenditure, health workforce, and institutional/beds capacity), and (2) derived variables used in the associated analyses, including an entropy-weighted composite index of TCM health resources and additional variables for inequality decomposition, distribution dynamics (kernel density and Markov/spatial Markov transition analysis), and convergence assessment. The dataset can be used to replicate the main analytical workflow in the related study and to support further research on regional disparities, resource equity, and policy-relevant patterns in health resource allocation.