This article analyzes the system of the main mythological images represented in the texts of shamanic incantations. The interrelation between the images of the shaman, his mythological patrons, and the person seeking help is examined. Special attention is paid to the mediating role of the shaman and to the function of patron spirits in the magical-ritual process aimed at expelling evil spirits, eliminating obstacles, and restoring lost balance. The artistic and mythological nature of shamanic incantations and their place in the system of oral folk creativity are revealed.