Cryptography has always played an important rolewhen it comes to data protection. However, as technology advances and new fields emerge, traditional cryptographic methodsare insufficient, and new solutions must be provided. This paperexplores one of them, known as Quantum Cryptography (QC),which represents a new approach to cryptography. Providinga complete description of its theoretical principles and practicalapplications, QC’s potentialities and efficiencies in providing newcryptographical solutions designed for the new technologies arepresented.