Nervous tissue is one of the most specialized and essential tissues in the human body, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. It plays a crucial role in regulating and coordinating body functions, maintaining homeostasis, and enabling interaction with the external environment. Nervous tissue consists mainly of two types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system that generate and conduct nerve impulses, while neuroglial cells provide structural, metabolic, and protective support to neurons. This article examines the structure, classification, and functions of nervous tissue, neurons, and neuroglia, as well as their importance in maintaining the normal functioning of the nervous system. Understanding the histological features and physiological roles of these components is essential for studying neurological processes and related diseases.