
Annotatsiya: Oltin O‘rda xonligi o‘z davrining eng qudratli va geografik jihatdan katta hududga ega boʻlgan yirik siyosiy tuzilmalaridan biri boʻlgan. Oltin O‘rda xonligining XIII-XV asrlardagi numizmatikasi o‘sha davrning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va siyosiy hayotini oʻrganishda muhim bosqichlardan hisoblanadi. Bu davlatning o‘ziga xos ijtimoiy tartiblari, iqtisodiy munosabatlari, siyosiy boshqaruv tizimi asrlar davomida mintaqaning madaniyati va taraqqiyotida yorqin iz qoldirgan. Kalit soʻzlar: Oltin O‘rda, numizmatika, iqtisodiy taraqqiyot, siyosiy boshqaruv, dehqonchilik, hunarmandchilik, savdo-sotiq munosabatlari, soliq tizimi, madaniy hayot, pul munosabatlari. Аннотация: Золотая Орда была одним из самых могущественных и территориально обширных политических образований своего времени. Нумизматика Золотой Орды XIII–XV веков считается одним из важных этапов в изучении социально-экономической и политической жизни того периода. Своеобразные общественные порядки, экономические отношения и система политического управления этого государства на протяжении веков оставили яркий след в культуре и развитии региона. Ключевые слова: Золотая Орда, нумизматика, экономическое развитие, политическое управление, земледелие, ремесленничество, торговые отношения, налоговая система, культурная жизнь, денежные отношения. Abstract: The Golden Horde was one of the most powerful and territorially extensive political entities of its time. The numismatics of the Golden Horde in the 13th–15th centuries is considered one of the important stages in studying the socio-economic and political life of that period. The unique social structures, economic relations, and system of political governance of this state left a significant mark on the culture and development of the region over the centuries. Keywords: Golden Horde, numismatics, economic development, political governance, agriculture, handicrafts, trade relations, tax system, cultural life, monetary relations.
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