The fishing industry in Rameshwaram, a coastal town in Tamil Nadu, India, is facing significant challenges, including declining fish stocks, rising operational costs, and regulatory restrictions. This study aims to identify and analyze the existing livelihood options available to the fishermen community in Rameshwaram, with a focus on understanding the socio-economic implications of these options. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with fishermen and other stakeholders. The study found that fishermen in Rameshwaram have diversified their livelihood options beyond traditional fishing, including fish processing and marketing, tourism-related activities, and alternative livelihoods such as agriculture and small-scale industries. However, these options are often characterized by low incomes, limited job security, and inadequate social protection. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote sustainable livelihoods for fishermen in Rameshwaram, including vocational training, credit facilities, and social protection programs. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, development practitioners, and researchers working on livelihood promotion and poverty reduction initiatives in coastal communities.