This article provides a scientific analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern pedagogical and psychological approaches to the upbringing of minors. In particular, Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural concept, The content and essence of person-centred, emotional-intellectual and preventive approaches are revealed on the basis of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory. The article sheds light on the issues of all-round development of a minor in the context of neuropsychological research, the principles of inclusive education, and a systemic model of family–school collaboration