The present investigation establishes a rigorous axiomatic derivation of fundamental physical phenomenology by inverting the ontological precedence between background geometry and variational dynamics. It is demonstrated that the postulation of continuous metric manifolds and the ad hoc insertion of universal constants and mass parameters can be replaced by a relational architecture governed solely by the Principle of Stationary Action ($\delta S = 0$). Starting from the axiom of Action ($S$) as a primitive accumulative quantity, it is analytically proven that the divergence of proper times between independent systems renders continuous dynamical compatibility structurally unstable, forcing interaction into an episodic regime. This inevitable discretization defines a sampling causal lattice, whose structural operator --- the Combinatorial Laplacian $K$ --- is uniquely derived from the indistinguishability of identical particles as a non-local resource. We advance the demonstration that the action constant $\hbar$ does not constitute a free parameter, but rather the dimensional conversion rate and topological invariant necessary to ensure phase transitivity in global connectivity networks ($n \ge 3$). The breaking of scale invariance and the emergence of the fundamental physical scale are deduced as consequences of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling limit applied to the lattice event density, establishing a natural ultraviolet cutoff ($\omega_*$) without manual intervention. Finally, the metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ and the mass spectrum $m_n$ are derived as the two sides of the spectral stability of the Action functional. The metric tensor is identified as the informational rigidity of the network, analytically corresponding to the inverse of the Hessian matrix of the stationary action. Mass is extracted as the variational cost (resonance work) required to sustain stable topological defects under the constraint $\delta S = 0$. The resulting formalism unifies gravitation and quantum mechanics by treating spacetime and matter not as primordial entities, but as spectral equilibrium solutions of a discrete relational universe.