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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Universal Spectral Gap

Authors: Edoardo, Livolsi;

The Universal Spectral Gap

Abstract

This work shows that the quartic variational framework with internal SU(2) symmetry necessarily produces a universal and strictly positive spectral gap at its stationary configuration. The Hessian at the global minimum has a fixed two-dimensional kernel determined by symmetry, while all other admissible directions form a finite-dimensional space, ensuring a fully discrete and isolated spectrum. The first nonzero eigenvalue, defined as Δ_min, is simple, unique, and independent of all stabilizing parameters of the functional. The torsional mode is the only admissible direction not removed by normalization and core constraints. Its frequency derives from the balance between the global quartic interaction and the internal Γ-trace term, leading to the universal scaling ω_tor = 3 α^(3/2). No external potentials, geometric assumptions, or model-dependent inputs are required. The constant Δ_min therefore emerges as a genuine invariant of the theory: parameter-free, coordinate-independent, and unavoidable within the quartic variational structure.

Keywords

quartic variational functional; universal spectral gap; torsional eigenmode; SU(2) internal symmetry; variational rigidity; Hessian spectrum; spectral invariants; core–shell configuration; parameter–free prediction; emergent eigenvalue

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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