The rapid development of digital transformation and sustainability demands in the logistics sector are driving companies to strengthen their distribution systems by optimizing transportation modes. PT Pos Indonesia (Persero), as a state-owned enterprise, is required to improve its distribution performance by integrating digital technology and enhancing human resource (HR) competencies. However, challenges still exist in aligning the use of digital technology with existing transportation systems and the varying competencies of human resources. This research aims to analyze the influence of digital technology and human resource competencies on transportation modes, and their impact on sustainable supply chain distribution. The research uses a quantitative approach with a causal-associative method. Data was collected thru a structured questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents from the Operations Division at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero), and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the assistance of SMARTPLS 4.0 software. The research results indicate that human resource competence has a positive and significant effect on both transportation mode and sustainable supply chain distribution, while digital technology only has a significant effect on supply chain distribution, but not on transportation mode. Transportation mode was also found to have a significant effect on supply chain sustainability and partially mediate the influence of other variables. Thus, this study concludes that the success of sustainable supply chain distribution is highly influenced by the synergy between human resource competencies and effective transportation modes, while the integration of digital technology still needs to be improved in the context of transportation mode management at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero).