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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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A History of Phylum Apicalia: Tapering Solids from Stone Tools to the Miluk ptsi·nł

Authors: Anderson, Troy;

A History of Phylum Apicalia: Tapering Solids from Stone Tools to the Miluk ptsi·nł

Abstract

The circle-to-line solid, a body tapering from a circular base to a linear apex, has been independently discovered, manufactured, and analyzed across multiple disciplines and millennia without any need for taxonomic classification. Yet there is value in shared language. This paper traces the dual history of this geometric family: first as a shape in material culture, present from the earliest known Acheulean industries (≈1.95 Ma) through modern industrial production; then as a subject of mathematical inquiry, from Archimedes' classification of conoids (c. 250 BCE) through Wallis's conocuneus (1684), Gardner's cork plug puzzle (1958), Laurentini's Visual Hull formalization (1994), and the recent Phylum Apicalia taxonomy [Anderson, 2026c]. We show that the same mathematical object (the intersection of orthogonally extruded silhouettes) was independently constructed in at least four disciplines (recreational mathematics, computer vision, engineering drawing reconstruction, and computational geometry) without cross-citation in the sources we surveyed, and that shared language across these traditions is now available as a cross-silo taxonomy. The attempt to translate the Miluk term ptsi·nł into its precise mathematical context catalyzed the taxonomic research presented in the companion papers, and revealed an opportunity to use systematic classification for disambiguation in CAD and other endeavors.

Keywords

cork plug, Miluk language, history of geometry, Skwedge, conocuneus, Visual Hull, ptsi·nł, geometric taxonomy, apex dimensionality

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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