Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
ZENODOarrow_drop_down
ZENODO
Report . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Report . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

The Organizational Physics of Multi-Agent AI: Substrate-Independent Dysfunction in Autonomous Software Engineering Swarms

Authors: McEntire, Jeremy;

The Organizational Physics of Multi-Agent AI: Substrate-Independent Dysfunction in Autonomous Software Engineering Swarms

Abstract

This report presents controlled empirical research comparing four multi-agent AI coordination architectures on identical software engineering tasks. We present empirical evidence that organizational dysfunction is substrate-independent. In a controlled comparison, four coordination architectures—single agent, hierarchical, stigmergic (8 concurrent agents), and gated pipeline—built the same 7-service backend using the same LLM and $50 budget. Performance was inversely correlated with coordination complexity: 28/28, 18/28, 9/28, and 0/28. The pipeline consumed its entire budget on planning. The hierarchical coordinator refused to delegate. The stigmergic agents produced incompatible interfaces at every boundary. Only the single agent—with no coordination architecture—succeeded fully. In two additional studies, a pipeline swarm equipped with six explicit anti-dysfunction mechanisms produced the dysfunction those mechanisms were designed to prevent: bikeshedding, governance conflicts, backward pipeline oscillation, and verification theater. A contract-first alternative narrowed the Goodhart gap but introduced specification perfectionism, suggesting dysfunction migrates across architectures but does not disappear. Results are formalized using Crawford–Sobel signal degradation, Goodhart's Law, and the Data Processing Inequality. Coordination failure arises from information-theoretic constraints on any system coordinating through compressed representations—not from properties of the agents.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!