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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Optimization vs. Enforcement: Invariant Drift in Probabilistic Systems

Authors: Aswin, Alwyn;

Optimization vs. Enforcement: Invariant Drift in Probabilistic Systems

Abstract

This paper analyzes invariant preservation in probabilistic inference systems, including large language models, through the lens of Bayesian updating and information geometry. We contrast monotonic deduction (where conclusions are preserved under added premises) with non-monotonic Bayesian updating (where new evidence can reduce posterior confidence). Sequential updates form a multiplicative process governed by the geometric mean of likelihood ratios. We show that when the expected log-likelihood ratio for invariant preservation is negative, posterior mass assigned to the invariant hypothesis decays exponentially with the number of updates. Under the assumption that update evidence is generated by a background “median generator” distribution Q that does not encode a domain-specific invariant, this expected log-likelihood ratio equals -D_KL(Q || P_H), where P_H represents the invariant-preserving distribution. This identifies a precise sufficient condition for invariant drift in optimization-only systems absent explicit constraint enforcement.

Keywords

Large Language Model, Machine learning, Information Theory, Probability Learning, Bayesian statistics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average
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