Peripancreatic abscess is one of the most severe infectious complications of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Despite advances in intensive care and minimally invasive interventions, morbidity and mortality remain significant. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of Uzbek, Russian, and international sources regarding the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and modern treatment strategies of peripancreatic abscesses. Current evidence supports a step-up, minimally invasive approach as the preferred therapeutic strategy. Early diagnosis using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and timely drainage significantly improve clinical outcomes.