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Preprint . 2026
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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
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Sound, Force and Light Induced Emissions from Er3+‐Mn2+ Doped ZnS/CaZnOS Heterostructure for Remote Temperature Monitoring via Photo‐ and Mechanoluminescence

Authors: Runowski, Marcin; Moszczyński, Jan Kuba; Woźny, Przemysław; Soler Carracedo, Kevin; Barzowska, Justyna; Mahlik, Sebastian; Peng, Dengfeng; +1 Authors

Sound, Force and Light Induced Emissions from Er3+‐Mn2+ Doped ZnS/CaZnOS Heterostructure for Remote Temperature Monitoring via Photo‐ and Mechanoluminescence

Abstract

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) is a powerful phenomenon that enables light generation induced with mechanical or acoustic waves, and remote temperature sensing via luminescence thermometry techniques. In this work, the multi‐functional, ML‐active materials based on Er3+ and Mn2+ co‐doped ZnS/CaZnOS heterostructure are developed for remote temperature monitoring and visual sensing of force and sound. The material exhibits characteristic photoluminescence (PL) under UV and NIR (up‐conversion) excitation, with energy transfer from Er3+ to Mn2+ influencing the emission color. The effects of force‐to‐light conversion are studied in detail by measuring the ML intensity versus the applied power for Er3+ and Mn2+ emission in the single‐doped and co‐doped materials. Temperature‐dependent PL is utilized to calibrate luminescence thermometry response, with Er3+ thermally‐coupled levels and non‐thermally‐coupled levels of Er3+/Mn2+, providing temperature sensing capabilities. The unique combination of sound‐induced ML with luminescence thermometry allowed optical temperature detection, alike during the drilling process, and in the externally heated system, using pulsed sonications. Whereas, applying continuous excitation, the sound‐to‐heat conversion is studied and visualized using the developed ML‐based optical thermometers. This approach demonstrates the excellent application potential of sound‐to‐light conversion for remote monitoring and, more importantly, for excitation‐light‐free temperature probing of different systems and working devices.

Country
Poland
Related Organizations
Keywords

lanthanide ions, visual sensors of force and sound, luminescence thermometry, temperature sensors, sound-to-light conversion, Research Article

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    Top 10%
    influence
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid