Fetal macrosomia is a complex biological process of intrauterine development and is closely associated with the functional balance between the placenta and the fetus. Structural and microscopic changes in the placenta play an important role in meeting the growth rate and metabolic demands of the fetus [4,5]. At the same time, the general hormonal and metabolic status of the pregnant woman has been shown in scientific studies to have a direct influence on these processes [1]. Therefore, investigation of the specific features of placental structure under conditions of macrosomia has considerable scientific and practical significance.Placental dysfunction often occurs in a compensated form and remains clinically latent. However, such hidden changes may lead to neonatal adaptation disorders and long-term perinatal outcomes. Clinical observations emphasize the necessity of an individualized approach and a comprehensive assessment of functional status in reproductive system pathologies [2].