Abstract Physics invokes “information” in contexts ranging from quantum measurement to black hole evaporation, yet no consensus exists on what information physically is. Shannon entropy quantifies surprise; von Neumann entropy quantifies mixedness; Landauer’s principle assigns an energy cost; Englert’s distinguishability measures which-path knowledge; Wheeler’s “it from bit” proposes a program. All provide operational measures. None identify a physical referent. This paper proposes a definition: information is order — the integer structure generated by the prime numbers through multiplication, as encoded in the Euler product of the Riemann zeta function. The quantitative measure is the Benford devi- ation δB, which tracks how faithfully a physical system’s leading-digit distribution reflects the integer-generated baseline given by Benford’s Law. Drawing on prior re- sults connecting ζ(s) to the Schwarzschild metric, Bose–Einstein condensate phase transitions, and causal set theory, we show that δB tracks quantum-to-classical transitions continuously, that Benford’s Law emerges as the least-action distribu- tion under scale invariance, and that the Second Law of Thermodynamics can be reframed as the natural return to Benford conformance. Shannon entropy, Lan- dauer’s principle, Englert’s duality relation, and Wheeler’s program all emerge as consequences of the definition rather than axioms. The proposal is falsifiable: if δB fails to track quantum-to-classical transitions in new experimental systems, the framework fails. We present quantitative evidence from Bose–Einstein condensate simulations, Kretschmann scalar profiles of black hole interiors, and a nine-model quantum gravity comparison.