Abstract This study examined the protracted Tiv–Jukun conflict in the Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria, focusing on the dynamics of ethno-communal violence and the efficacy of peacebuilding initiatives between 2015 and 2024. Utilizing a descriptive survey design, the research analyzed primary data obtained from 293 respondents, including community leaders, traditional rulers, and security personnel, complemented by secondary sources from scholarly journals and government reports. Findings indicate that the primary drivers of the conflict are land ownership and boundary disputes, political competition, and ethnic identity rivalries, with mean scores ranging from 2.58 to 3.13. The study further reveals that the crisis has significant national security implications, contributing to the proliferation of small arms, forced displacement, and the emergence of militia groups. While government-led interventions and traditional mediation have achieved "negative peace" by reducing immediate violent clashes, they have failed to address the structural grievances underlying the conflict. Respondents expressed notable skepticism regarding the resolution of land disputes and equitable resource sharing. Consequently, the research concludes that peacebuilding efforts remain superficial due to their reactive nature. The study recommends the adoption of inclusive, community-driven frameworks, comprehensive land reform, and the institutionalization of traditional dispute resolution mechanisms to foster sustainable peace and social justice in the region.