
This article compares how two major European commemorations—Europe Day (9 May) and the fall of the Berlin Wall (9 November)—are discussed on Twitter/X in Slovenia, Italy, Germany, and France. We conceptualise commemorations as activation frames: recurring cues that invite users to interpret contemporary political conflicts through the lens of salient European historical events. However, rather than focusing only on what people discuss, we examine whether disagreement is present and how it is expressed. Using an LLM-assisted coding scheme, we apply a three-step design: (A) we identify whether posts are conflictual; (B) within conflict, we distinguish non-antagonistic from antagonistic tone, using incivility as a proxy; and (C) we assess deliberative quality using DQI-style indicators, comparing the share of high-quality discussion across antagonistic and non-antagonistic modes. This design enables direct cross-country comparisons of whether commemorative talk is mostly ceremonial and low-conflict, confrontational in tone, or conflictual yet characterised by reason-giving and constructive engagement. Finally, we use topic modelling as an additional diagnostic layer to identify thematic hotspots in where conflict, antagonistic tone, and lower deliberative quality concentrate, as well as clusters where deliberative signals persist even under antagonistic tone. The approach enables cross-national comparison of conflict, tone, and deliberative quality in commemorative Twitter/X debates, and can help identify changes in discourse quality in digital public spheres.
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