National energy totals are sourced from Eurostat nrg_d_traq (2023) for most countries, the UK DUKES dataset for the UK, and the EU Transport Pocketbook 2023 for air/ship (all countries) and road/rail fallback (Greece, Finland, North Macedonia). All values are projected to 2024 using country-specific growth factors derived from vehicle stock, population, GDP, and transport activity indices. National totals are downscaled to NUTS-2 regions using mode-specific proxy indicators (car registrations for road, GDP for rail, airport passengers for air, maritime freight for ship). The dataset is available in detailed form (20,218 rows: every fuel × sub-mode × region combination) and aggregated form (4,782 rows: fuel category × mode × region). Source code is made available on request.