The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for developing students’ physical qualitiesthrough the use of special physical exercises. The features of developing strength, endurance, speed, flexibility,and coordination abilities within the educational process of a higher education institution are outlined. The principles ofstructuring classes, load dosage, and pedagogical control are analyzed. The necessity of the systematic application ofspecial exercises as an effective means of strengthening health, increasing work capacity, and fostering stable motivationfor physical education is substantiated