In the text presented here, a special approach to learning and teaching science is discussed. This is the approach known in recent decades as Inquiry-Based Science Teaching. In the introductory part, the well-known problematic and theoretical framework of the investigative approach is briefly presented, and its fundamental characteristics are highlighted. In the following, some features of the approach to primary and secondary education are discussed, with emphasis on general characteristics but also on differences. Finally, four distinct working techniques in the context of this approach to teaching science are presented and examples are given.