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Preprint . 2026
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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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THE GEOMETRIC ORIGIN OF MASS: A Topological Derivation of the Proton-Electron Ratio using Selection-Stitch Model (SSM)

Authors: Kulkarni, Raghu;

THE GEOMETRIC ORIGIN OF MASS: A Topological Derivation of the Proton-Electron Ratio using Selection-Stitch Model (SSM)

Abstract

The proton is roughly 2000 times heavier than the electron. While the Stan- dard Model relies on this mass hierarchy (µ ≈1836.15) as an unexplained empir- ical parameter, we propose this ratio is a direct, derived consequence of a discrete Cuboctahedral Vacuum Geometry (K = 12). By analyzing the strict elastic limits of a single unit cell, we demonstrate that heavy hadronic masses cannot be local, microscopic defects. Modeling the electron as a localized surface defect and the proton as a macroscopic topological flux tube (a Trefoil knot, 31), we derive the proton’s mass from first principles: 1. Macroscopic Base Mass (1728): We establish the volumetric mass factor 123 = 1728 by presenting three distinct physical interpretations of the core topological lattice identity 3 i=1 K= K3 . 2. FCC Lattice Stick Number Conjecture (108): The 5.9% mass gap be- tween the 1728 bulk and the 1836 physical mass is resolved via topological surface tension. Using the geometric constraints of the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice, we utilize computational evidence to conjecture that the mini- mal stick number for a Trefoil knot is 9. This 9-segment dislocation boundary stresses its local K = 12 sheath, yielding exactly 108 nodes of surface tension. The sum yields an exact bare mass of µ = 1728 + 108 = 1836. Furthermore, the higher-order geometric limits accurately predict the Υ(4S) bottomonium meson (K4) and the Higgs Boson (K5), while the amphicheiral ground state of the 41 knot provides a mathematically rigorous, zero-cross-section candidate for Dark Matter at∼1.03 GeV.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average