Physical systems exhibit qualitatively different modes of temporal organization — crystals persist without change, orbits recur without novelty, living systems generate new possibility through local completion — yet no unified framework classifies these modes or predicts their empirical signatures. This paper proposes the temporal completability trichotomy (terminal, cyclical, graceful) and tests it across six independent domains: quantum echo protocols (8- and 12-qubit simulations), global shear-wave tomography, asteroseismology (7 Kepler targets + 6,562 APOKASC-2 red giants), the geological mineral archive, anthropogenic material species, and 2D resistive MHD plasma reconnection. All eight experiments pass pre-specified success criteria with zero kill conditions triggered. Class separation reaches 4.8× in the quantum domain (improving with system size), Spearman ρ = 0.9996 across the stellar population, and CV = 0.08% for the MHD plasmoid cascade — the cleanest graceful signature in the program. A null-model battery partially falsifies the scale-free boundary claim at the core-mantle boundary, defining a boundary of applicability. These results constitute the first cross-domain empirical evidence that temporal organizational classes are physically real, sharp-boundaried, and detectable across scales from quantum circuits to planetary geology to classical plasmas.