We present a theoretical framework that derives physical constants, coupling strengths, and cosmologicalparameters from three foundational principles: angular momentum conservation, energy minimization, andcosmic equilibration. The framework contains zero fitting parameters—all predictions emerge directly fromthe fundamental constants ℏ, c, G, kB , mp, me, TCMB and the mathematical constants π and ϕ (goldenratio).The framework introduces specific angular momentum σ0 = L/m as the organizing quantity, establishingthat physical systems at all scales are characterized by discrete σ0 values spanning 33 orders of magnitudefrom the Planck scale (4.845 × 10−27 m2/s) to macroscopic structure (1.01 × 106 m2/s). From this hierarchy,we derive a coupling potential U = −GL1L2/(σ20 r) that recovers Newton’s gravitational law as a specialcase while extending naturally to regimes where Newtonian mechanics fails. A stationary photon field,interpreted as the angular momentum ground state of the vacuum, provides the medium through whichgravitational and electromagnetic interactions propagate.Key predictions with observational agreement include: the fine structure constant α = 1/137.074 (0.028%agreement); cosmological matter fraction Ωm = 0.3152 (0.07%); MOND acceleration a0 = cH0/6 (1.7%);Hubble tension ratio H0,local/H0,CMB = 12/11 (exact); spectral index ns = 0.9646 (0.07 σ); baryon-to-photonratio η = 6.05 × 10−10 (0.8%); flat galactic rotation curves without dark matter; the Bekenstein–Hawkingentropy factor 1/4; exactly three fermion generations; the Bell/CHSH parameter at the Tsirelson bound;and a minimum black hole mass Mmin = 2.39 M⊕ as a novel testable prediction.The framework resolves the Hubble tension through equilibration-selected degrees of freedom, producesflat rotation curves from photon field dynamics, and replaces inflationary fine-tuning with a primordialsphere model yielding geometric flatness, causal horizon unity, and CMB uniformity from first principles.We specify eight explicit numerical falsification criteria with exact thresholds beyond which the frameworkwould be definitively refuted. All 32 quantitative predictions are derived, not fitted, and experimentallyaccessible.