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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Inverse-Orthogonal Protocol: A Unified Algebraic Strategy for Geometric Locus Problems

Authors: Ghaisandra, Varenza;

The Inverse-Orthogonal Protocol: A Unified Algebraic Strategy for Geometric Locus Problems

Abstract

Students in upper-secondary education often experience high cognitive load when solving geometric transformation problems, particularly the rotation of curves (loci). Recent studies indicate a substantial pedagogical discontinuity between the rotation of points (forward mapping) and the rotation of equations (inverse mapping). This paper proposes a unified algorithmic approach leveraging the orthogonality property of rotation matrices (R^-1= R^T). By substituting the inverted coordinates directly into the initial locus equation, we demonstrate a robust method that handles linear equations, parabolas, and general conics with equal ease. This protocol effectively manages non-standard angles and automatically accounts for the xy interaction term in rotated conics, eliminating the need for rote memorization of transformation formulas.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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