Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and connective tissue elements within the arterial wall, resulting in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This pathological process leads to narrowing and reduced elasticity of blood vessels, impairing tissue perfusion. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Major risk factors include dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Early diagnosis, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and comprehensive preventive strategies play a crucial role in reducing cardiovascular complications. Modern management of atherosclerosis involves pharmacological therapy (such as statins and antiplatelet agents) as well as invasive interventions when necessary [1,2].