The importance of this article lies in its focus on a rapidly changing world shaped by technological innovation. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and digital learning tools play an increasingly important role in education. Their use is particularly relevant in professional education of postgraduate students, where high standards of quality are combined with the need to develop cognitive flexibility and practical skills. Integrating AI into educational processes supports personalised learning, boosts student motivation, and helps optimise teaching strategies. It also enhances the effectiveness of learning outcome assessments. Intelligent technologies make it possible to create adaptive learning environments that respond to students’ needs, characteristics, and learning styles. At the same time, new challenges are emerging. These include neurobiological concerns about how digital environments affect cognitive processes such as attention, memory, thinking, and motivation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and risks associated with using AI in the professional education of postgraduate students. Finally, it seeks to explore the neuropsychological effects of digital learning and outline future directions for developing innovative educational practices.

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