Darunaka is a commonly encountered scalp disorder described in Ayurvedic literature under Kshudra Roga and Kapalagata Roga. Although it is not life-threatening, it significantly affects an individual’s cosmetic appearance, self-confidence, and psychological well-being. In recent times, increasing environmental pollution, unhealthy dietary habits, stressful lifestyle, and excessive use of chemical-based cosmetic hair products have led to a rising prevalence of Darunaka. Clinically, the disease presents with itching, dryness, scaling of the scalp, and hair fall, primarily due to vitiation of Vata and Kapha Dosha, along with the involvement of Rakta Dhatu and Swedavaha Srotas. On the basis of clinical similarity, Darunaka can be correlated with dandruff (pityriasis sicca) described in modern dermatology. The present review aims to critically analyze classical Ayurvedic texts to elaborate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management principles, and preventive aspects of Darunaka Vyadhi, highlighting its relevance in contemporary clinical practice.