Abstract: Access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of public health. Despite significant global progress, millions of people continue to suffer from waterborne diseases due to unsafe water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene practices. This review article examines the critical relationship between water sanitation and disease prevention, highlighting global challenges, epidemiological trends, technological interventions, and policy frameworks. It explores the burden of water-related diseases, the role of community participation, and the contribution of healthcare professionals in promoting water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Drawing on evidence-based literature, this article emphasizes sustainable strategies and integrated approaches for improving water quality and preventing communicable diseases. Strengthening water sanitation systems remains essential for achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development.