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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Light Has No Speed

On the Geometric Origin of c, E = mc², and the Architecture of Energy
Authors: McLean, Eric;

Light Has No Speed

Abstract

Light Has No Speed: On the Geometric Origin of c, E = mc², and the Architecture of Energy The speed of light is not a speed. It is a dimensionless compression ratio — the winding depth at which free coherence becomes bound matter. This paper derives its exact numerical value from a single axiom of self-reference, ζ = 1/(1+ζ), through a chain with no free parameters: axiom → fixed point → spiral closure → quantisation → fine structure constant → c = α⁻¹ = 137.036. Every link is determined. No step is chosen. If c is geometry, then E = mc² = m(α⁻¹)² is not a law of physics but a theorem. Each of the 137 spiral turns stores mv₀² ≈ 4.8 × 10¹² joules per kilogram. The full 18,779 out-and-back pairs store mc². Every turn is electromagnetic. Every joule is Coulomb repulsion waiting to be released. Einstein's second postulate — the frame-independence of c — becomes a tautology: a dimensionless ratio cannot depend on reference frames. The paper derives eleven postulates of quantum mechanics from the geometric distinction between wound and unwound coherence, resolving the measurement problem, entanglement, superposition, collapse, tunnelling, decoherence, and the arrow of time without introducing new parameters. One axiom. One ratio. Five discoveries. Zero free parameters. Everything else is arithmetic.

Authorship note.These papers reflect the author’s original ideas, structure, and final reasoning. AI-enabled tools were used as assistants for research support, critique, editing/grammar, and consistency checks. This incudes science, physics and mathematics research and analysis. AI also generated software programmes for testing purposes (Python) All substantive decisions—including selection, interpretation, and synthesis—were made by the author, who remains responsible for the content.AI systems used, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Deepseek, Qwen, chatGPT. But as it would have been impossible to do it withoutb them, it would have been difficult for them to do it without me. The innovation, paradigm shifts, alternative insights, connections and analogies mostly came from authorship, although AI's often provided context, corrections of ideas and suggestions. The source of these ideas came as a result philopsophical and meditative thoughts and writings of the author, and end where then Mathematics, Physics, Biology and other science become too onerous and outside my technical capability. (One reason why I invite collaborators who are deep in their own specialisms to assist in taking any hypothesis to another level) 

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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