This article examines the historical role of the Surkhan Oasis in the spread and development of Buddhism in Central Asia. Due to its strategic geographical location along the Great Silk Road, the Surkhan region became an important cultural and religious crossroads that facilitated the transmission of Buddhist teachings from India to Central Asia and beyond. The study analyzes archaeological findings, including Buddhist monasteries, stupas, inscriptions, and artifacts discovered in the area, which demonstrate the significant presence of Buddhist communities between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE. Special attention is given to the interaction between local cultures and Buddhist traditions, as well as the socio-cultural impact of Buddhism on the region. The findings indicate that the Surkhan Oasis played a crucial role not only as a transit point but also as a center of religious, artistic, and intellectual development.