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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Complex-Time i-Phase as a Physical Degree of Freedom: Operational Evidence from Event-Additive Rotations in Dynamic Quantum Circuits

Authors: Ishibashi, Toru;

Complex-Time i-Phase as a Physical Degree of Freedom: Operational Evidence from Event-Additive Rotations in Dynamic Quantum Circuits

Abstract

Abstract Complex-Time (CT) theory posits that physical time is not exhausted by a single real parameter t, but includes an internal rotation phase φ such that the time coordinate is τ = t + iφ. In this ontology, φ is not a mere mathematical artifact of complex amplitudes: it is a physical degree of freedom that mediates a rotation between two logically distinct time aspects—future-pending (fp) time that retains unrealized alternatives, and past-fixed (pf) time that corresponds to realized events and stable records. Dynamic quantum circuits with mid-circuit measurement (MCM) are an unusually direct laboratory for CT because they contain repeated, addressable fp→pf conversion events *inside a single circuit*.Here we analyze IBM superconducting quantum-processor data and show that the target-qubit equatorial coherence z ≡ ⟨σx⟩ + i⟨σy⟩ undergoes a deterministic complex rotation whose angle is set primarily by the number M of spectator mid-circuit measurements. In Dataset A (4096 shots; 5 repeats), the complex ratio w(M) ≡ z_MEAS(M)/z_DELAY(M) displays an event-additive phase shift Δθ_eff(M) = arg w(M) that grows from ≈ 0 at M = 0–1 to Δθ_eff(M=8) ≈ 2.279 rad, with an average increment of δ ≈ 0.323 rad per added measurement. In Dataset B (1024 shots), inserting a virtual-Z compensation Rz(comp×M) on the target yields linear response d(Δθ_eff)/d(comp) ≈ M and demonstrates coherent controllability of the rotation.To probe whether the effect is reducible to schedule-level artifacts alone, Dataset C (CT3 Layer3) uses identical classical control-flow (if-structure) while changing only the spectator’s internal phase coherence: mode A forces |+⟩ before each mid-measurement, whereas mode B allows a |+⟩/|−⟩ mixture to accumulate. A small but systematic phase difference Δθ_AB(M) = θ_A(M) − θ_B(M) emerges (≈ 0.06 rad at M = 4–8) alongside a large change in spectator ⟨σx⟩, consistent with an operational coupling between the driven phase rotation and an internal i-phase degree of freedom.We interpret these results as operational evidence that an i-axis phase coordinate is physically actionable: it can be incremented by pf-creating events and steered by coherent frame updates. This provides a concrete, hardware-grounded route for testing CT claims about the physical reality of the imaginary-time phase. Keywords: complex time; τ = t + iφ; i-phase; past-fixed / future-pending; dynamic circuits; mid-circuit measurement; complex-plane diagnostics; virtual-Z compensation.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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