Abstract Trade and commerce historically have important factors in determining the political power and authority of states. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, one of the famous heroes known as military strategist and nation-maker, also exercised exceptional leadership in economy by consciously employing trade as an instrument of state power. The paper studies Shivaji Maharaj's vision of economy with focusing specially upon trade regulation, maritime commerce, and naval policies as foundational elements of Swarajya. A qualitative and analytical approach on secondary historical sources and political economy perspectives forms the basis of the study to bring forth how regulated trade, ethical taxation, and protection of indigenous merchants strengthened economic sovereignty and administrative stability. The specific positions aimed to draw special emphasis on maritime trade and naval strength, thereby paving the road to securing control over sea route, commercial interests, and curtailment of foreign economic dominance. The study finds that the trade and commerce policies of Shivaji Maharaj were fleshed from principles of good governance, accountability, and people-centric administration. Thus, by situating his economic strategies within the broader framework of governance, the study gives a valuable insight into the present ongoing discourse surrounding issues of economic nationalism, maritime security, and ethical leadership within states.