Introduction- Ayurveda consistently underscores the duty of the Vaidya to prescribe suitable Pathya and Apathya as an essential part of disease management, which is crucial for achieving Rogaharana (elimination of disease) and Swasthyarakshana (preservation of health). Pathya acts as a Prakrutisthapana Upaya, helping to restore and maintain normal physiological balance, whereas Apathya functions as a Nidana, contributing to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions (Vikara). Pathya-Apathya (wholesome and unwholesome diet and lifestyle). Material and method- The present study is based on a literary review of Yogaratnakara, Uttarardha- Shoola Chikitsa Adhyaya, from which relevant references and data were systematically collected and analyzed. Result and discussion- Ayurveda emphasizes Pathya-Apathya as a scientific dietary and lifestyle approach in disease management. Shoola Roga is predominantly a Vata-pradhana disorder, hence Pathya measures are mainly aimed at Vata-Shamana through Snigdha, Ushna, Guru and Vatahara Dravyas that restore normal Vata Gati and relieve pain. Substances like Eranda Taila, Lavana and Lahsuna, along with Deepana-Pachana and Vatanulomana drugs, play a key role in reducing Shoola. Conversely, Apathya Ahara-Vihara that aggravate Vata or Tridosha contribute to the progression of symptoms. Conclusion- Thus, Pathya-Apathya forms an integral therapeutic approach in Shoola Roga, where appropriate diet and lifestyle alone can act as effective Chikitsa by pacifying Vata Dosha. Vata-Shamana through suitable Ahara-Vihara not only alleviates pain but also prevents Dosha Prakopa, Ama formation, and recurrence of the disease.