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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Gauge Coupling Unification, Vacuum Stability, and Proton Decay in a Trinification-Based E₆ Grand Unified Theory

Authors: Blair, Karl;

Gauge Coupling Unification, Vacuum Stability, and Proton Decay in a Trinification-Based E₆ Grand Unified Theory

Abstract

This work presents a complete theoretical investigation of gauge coupling unification, Higgs vacuum stability, and proton decay within a non-supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the exceptional Lie group E₆ with an intermediate trinification symmetry structure SU(3)₍C₎ × SU(3)₍L₎ × SU(3)₍R₎. The Standard Model fermions are embedded into the fundamental 27-dimensional representation of E₆, providing a unified description of quarks, leptons, right-handed neutrinos, and exotic vectorlike fermions. The symmetry breaking chain proceeds through an intermediate trinification stage, improving gauge coupling convergence and allowing consistent unification near 10¹⁶ GeV. Renormalization group evolution is computed explicitly using one- and two-loop beta functions, including threshold corrections from heavy scalar and fermion multiplets. The Higgs quartic coupling is evolved up to the Planck scale, demonstrating metastable vacuum consistency with current experimental measurements of the Higgs and top quark masses. Proton decay is analyzed using dimension-6 gauge boson mediated operators. The predicted proton lifetime is approximately 10³⁴–10³⁶ years, placing the model within experimental reach of next-generation detectors such as Hyper-Kamiokande, DUNE, and JUNO. The framework remains perturbatively consistent up to the Planck scale and provides a complete, anomaly-free, and experimentally testable realization of exceptional group grand unification. This repository includes: • Full theoretical derivations • Complete renormalization group equations • Particle spectrum specification • Vacuum stability analysis • Proton decay rate calculations This work contributes to ongoing research into exceptional group unification, vacuum criticality, and experimentally testable extensions of the Standard Model.

Keywords

Grand Unified Theory E6 Trinification Gauge Coupling Unification Renormalization Group Equations Vacuum Stability Higgs Potential Proton Decay Particle Physics Theoretical Physics Beyond Standard Model Exceptional Lie Groups High Energy Physics Quantum Field Theory Unification Models

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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