This study investigates the semantic and translation features of modern neologisms in English and Uzbek. Neologisms reflect technological, social, and cultural developments and present unique challenges for translation due to their semantic ambiguity and context dependence. Findings indicate that while English neologisms often retain their original forms, Uzbek neologisms frequently adapt to native morphological and syntactic norms. The study proposes practical translation strategies for cross-linguistic equivalence and highlights implications for language teaching and translation practice.