The article addresses current economic and social problem of long-term unemployment. It is based on the division of unemployment and the reference to the individual indicators that create and maintain long-term unemployment. Slovak Republic has been for more than 10 years at the forefront of the comparison between the countries of the European Union. Groups of the population who are mostly affected by long-term unemployment require special social policy programs to create conditions for assistance because individuals affected by long-term unemployment are not only in the economic crisis but also in the social and personal crisis. This weakens not only the production capacity of an individual, but also affects the country productivity.